Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
Publication date: 18th July 2023
Light-driven semiconducting materials and organic materials have the potential to be commercialized for many applications. Various devices have been proposed in recent years for their use in vitro and in vivo. In general, there are three principal mechanisms how such materials can manipulate and stimulate cell signaling.
In our studies we used colloidal macrocrystals made from Epindolidione pigments that feature a 3D-shaped microstructure on their surface. Neurons developed extensive networks and stable interactions with these structures. Neurites that grew toward the organic pigments attached to them and remodeled connections during cell maturation. Photothermocapacitive stimulation of neuron-pigment complexes with laser light depolarized the cell membrane but was unable to induce action potential firing.
We further benchmarked the performance of Organic Electrolytic Photocapacitors (OEPCs) on photocapacitive stimulation of mammalian cells with visible red light that can penetrate through the skin into tissues. OEPCs form a planar photovoltaic device with the n- and p-type semiconducting pigments N,N’-dimethyl perylene tetracarboxylicdiimide (PTCDI) and metal free phthalocyanine (H2Pc). We could previously show that they can activate voltage-gated ion channels and reliably activate action potentials in single neurons. These findings led to the development of an implant for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries. In the current study we implanted these devices subdurally in 12-week old male rats and acutely stimulated with a 638 nm laser at a frequency of 20 Hz for 30 minutes. Neuronal activation was assessed by c-fos immunoreactivity with fluorescent staining.
Furthermore, we are also investigating the potential of organic materials to alter cellular properties via photofaradaic products that are generated during light stimulation and might be useful to stimulate excitable cells. Our findings demonstrate that different organic pigment-based bioelectronics are safe to use in vitro and enable a nongenetic manipulation of cells with light in vivo.
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