Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
Publication date: 18th July 2023
Due to their enhanced specific and mass ORR activity at lower metal loadings, platinum and its alloys stand out among the examined catalysts as the preeminent candidates for PEMFC catalysts. Exploring Pt alloys with late transition metals including Fe, Co, Cu, Ni etc. has been the focus of substantial study for more than 20 years. In addition, recent years have seen the emergence of a new family of catalytic materials that combine Pt with lanthanide metals like La, Ce, Gd etc. as well as early transition metals as Y or Sc. However, despite their inherent benefits, these catalysts are susceptible to degradation which can compromise their long-term durability. A major factor contributing to fuel cell degradation is the dissolution of these catalysts at the operating potentials which consequently can lead to a decrease in platinum mass loadings followed by secondary catalyst degradation processes such as Ostwald ripening or coalescence, which will eventually decrease the electrochemical active surface area. The Pt dissolution itself is a multifaceted process, impacted by various parameters, which has been extensively investigated but the dissolution process of alloys is intricately complex. Hence monitoring of dynamic dissolution behavior and dealloying of the bimetallic catalysts poses significant challenges and is of utmost importance.
This investigation aims to comprehensively analyze the dissolution tendencies and disparities exhibited by three distinct bimetallic catalysts of Platinum-Copper, Platinum-Cobalt and Platinum-Yttrium prepared by the magnetron co-sputtering technique. This was performed using the online Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) technique which is crucial for assessing material stability in real-world conditions by examining catalyst dissolution products with time and potential in diverse electrochemical environments. The study explores the dissolution of these bimetallic catalysts during electrochemical cycling at a wide range of potentials focusing on the ORR potential range and investigating different compositional variations. This work explores the progressive evolution of catalysts in terms of their morphology and composition following the dealloying process, hence uncovering the trend that can guide the future design of more stable materials.
This work is supported by GAČR (22-03643S), ČR-Germany mobility (8J22DE014) and CERIC-ERIC.
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