Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
Publication date: 18th July 2023
With 945 kJ/mol, the triple bond of the dinitrogen (N2) molecule has one of the highest dissociation enthalpies among covalent bonds. The scalable catalytic conversion of these endlessly available but chemically inert molecules to ammonia was one of the milestones of modern chemical industry. Nowadays, more than 180 million tons of ammonia are produced world-wide annually with 80% used for fertilizer production. Almost each nitrogen atom within an industrially produced chemical compound has been part of an ammonia molecule. The rapid growth of world’s population would not have been possible without this “artificial N2 conversion”. Despite scaling effects and process intensification, the Haber-Bosch synthesis remained essentially unchanged for the last 100 years. Notably, 1.5 tons of CO2 are produced and 20-40 GJ are needed for 1 ton of ammonia. Additional energy is required for the transport of ammonia and fertilizers from large centralized production sites for further conversion or to farmers. In view of the increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, ongoing energy transition, and the development of alternative concepts for the activation of small molecules, new approaches for artificial N2 conversion are in demand. This includes (photo)electrocatalysis or photocatalysis, which can be operated decentralized under less harsh conditions powered by renewable electricity or light.
The DFG Priority Program 2370 “Nitroconversion” focuses on the development of heterogeneous electrocatalytic, photocatalytic & photoelectrochemical N2 conversion reactions for delocalized and sustainable N2 conversion pathways with, as a long term objective, an overall energy consumption and space-time yield comparable to the Haber-Bosch process.[1] This will be achieved by getting insights into structure/activity relationships for catalysts including experimental and theoretical design strategies, developing novel reactor and electrode concepts to overcome N2 mass transfer limitations, and by using novel analytical techniques to get insights into underlying mechanisms to be able to design catalysts rationally, and to develop new reaction pathways. It is explicitly not limited to N2 conversion to ammonia but will also include research on oxidative conversions.
[1] https://www.spp2370.uni-bayreuth.de/en/
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