Applying Photoinduced Spin Interactions in Charge Transfer and Chromophore Radical Systems in the Pursuit of Maser-based Quantum Sensors
Max Attwood a, Felix Xu a, Michael Newns a, Zhu Meng b, Rebecca Ingle c, Irena Nevjestic d, Mark Oxborrow a, Sandrine Heutz a d
a Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ
b Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ
c Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ
d SPIN-Lab, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
#ELMOL - The future of molecular electronics
Torremolinos, Spain, 2023 October 16th - 20th
Organizer: Rachel Kilbride
Invited Speaker, Max Attwood, presentation 318
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.318
Publication date: 18th July 2023

Masers, the microwave version of lasers, are a promising emerging class of ultralow-noise microwave amplifiers with the potential as quantum sensors in a range of commercial applications.[1] These devices rely on the photogeneration of electron spin-polarized triplet states in organic crystals of acene-doped-p-terphenyl or nitrogen-vacancy (NV) diamond. The stimulated collapse of these states by injected microwaves results in microwave emission and amplification which is highly sensitive to magnetic fields. However, due to inefficient electronic processes and triplet spin dynamics, these materials require large crystals with strong light pump sources to overcome the maser threshold, increasing their bulk and expense and damaging the gain media. Therefore, before masers can be widely applied, we must develop new materials with enhanced spin dynamics to ease their operation while increasing their power.

To tackle these issues, we have designed novel approaches to tune the properties of maser candidate molecular systems.[2,3] We have synthesized several new triplet and radical-based materials capable of producing extremely strong and long-lived electron spin polarisation through intersystem crossing, singlet fission, and triplet-radical interactions. We employed transient photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy alongside electron paramagnetic resonance to understand the link between their spin dynamics and their merit as maser devices. Our new materials demonstrate the capacity to operate at various resonant frequencies and can be optically pumped at more easily generated wavelengths. Furthermore, their triplet spin dynamics suggest that similar systems could exhibit enhanced maser cooperativity. These results pave the way for the synthesis of more efficient and applicable maser technologies.

 

References:

[1]      D. M. Arroo, N. M. Alford, J. D. Breeze, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2021, 119, 140502.

[2]      W. Ng, X. Xu, M. Attwood, H. Wu, Z. Meng, X. Chen, M. Oxborrow, Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2300441.

[3]      M. Attwood, X. Xu, M. Newns, Z. Meng, R. A. Ingle, H. Wu, X. Chen, W. Xu, W. Ng, T. T. Abiola, V. G. Stavros, M. Oxborrow, Chem. Mater. 2023, 35, 4498–4509.

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