Iron-Catalyzed Laser-Induced Graphitization: A Novel Approach to Produce Sustainable, Bio-Inspired Electrodes with Tunable Iron Phases.
Christopher H. Dreimol a b, Ronny Kürsteiner a b, Maximilian Ritter a b, Sophie M. Koch a b, Guido Panzarasa a, Ingo Burgert a b
a Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, Department of Civil. Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
b WoodTec group, Cellulose and Wood Materials, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
#BIOELCHEM - Bioelectrochemical Systems from Sustainable Electrode Materials
Torremolinos, Spain, 2023 October 16th - 20th
Organizers: Anna-Maria Pappa and Kyriaki Polychronopoulou
Oral, Christopher H. Dreimol, presentation 300
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.300
Publication date: 18th July 2023

Traditional electronic devices are made of non-renewable and often toxic materials, which can lead to serious environmental contamination upon their disposal. A promising strategy for producing sustainable electronics is the direct writing of laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrically conductive patterns on biological and bio-based substrates. However, high ablation rates, the need to use controlled atmosphere, toxic fire retardants and multiple lasing steps limit the applicability of conventional LIG processes to produce sustainable electronic devices.

We have introduced iron-catalyzed laser-induced graphitization (IC-LIG) as an innovative technique enabling to engrave large-scale electrically conductive patterns on thermally sensitive substrates such as wood and wood-derived materials [1]. Our approach makes use of an aqueous bio-based coating, inspired by the historical iron-gall ink, which protects the wood surface from laser ablation and thermal damage while preserving its mechanical properties. Thanks to our approach, it is possible to engrave highly conductive (up to 2500 S m-1) patterns even on thinnest wood veneers (> 400 µm) and cellulose paper within a single lasing step in ambient atmosphere using a conventional CO2 laser setup.

Here, we explore further the possibilities offered by our IC-LIG approach by elucidating the catalytic effect of iron under different lasing conditions. We can control the iron-carbon composite structure at the nano- and microscale level, e.g., by tuning the concentration of iron in the ink. This, in turn, allows us to tune the iron phases in the resulting IC-LIG materials. By precisely controlling the laser parameters and setup we are able to fabricate bio-inspired surface patterns at the meso- and macroscale, controlling the structure as well as the electrical properties on a multiscale level, allowing us to fabricate sustainable electrodes for prospective uses as energy storage and electrochemical devices.

 

[1] C. H. Dreimol et al., Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 3680 (12 pp.).]

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