Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.225
Publication date: 18th July 2023
The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources requires economic and sustainable electrochemical energy storage solutions with high energy and power density. With the aim of providing a promising alternative to the voluminous intercalation anodes (negative electrode) of state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries, we propose anode-free cells with alkali-metal anodes and solid electrolytes. Such cells require no intercalation material in the anode and no addition of alkali metal during cell assembly. This increases the energy density by up to 35% and reduces production costs [1].
Depending on the operating temperature and the materials used, the alkali-metal anodes can be in a solid or a liquid state. Solid alkali-metal anodes suffer from dendrite formation and limited power capabilities. In contrast, liquid alkali-metal anodes, when combined with solid electrolytes, allow for high power charging and discharging, as well as high areal capacities [2,3]. However, a major challenge with liquid anodes is alkali-metal management, which involves storing and releasing the liquid alkali metal within the anode compartment during cell cycling, accommodating the volumetric changes within the anode, and ensuring good electrical contact between the alkali metal and the solid electrolyte [4]. Effective alkali-metal management is crucial to achieving cycling stability and efficient utilization of all active materials at low overpotentials and low operating temperatures [5]. Currently, wetting and phase change phenomena of alkali metals under battery-relevant conditions are not sufficiently understood to guide the design of coatings and capillary structures for effective alkali-metal management. Therefore, here we propose a series of dedicated experiments on the wetting behavior of alkali metals on a variety of materials.
We acknowledge funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) via the ANaBatt project as part of the BMBF BattFutur program.
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