Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.216
Publication date: 18th July 2023
The scarcity of iridium has been the bottle neck of the large-scale implementation of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers, where high loading of iridium oxide is used to catalyse water oxidation and to sustain an integrated conductive layer. The loading of iridium at the anode can be reduced by introducing a catalyst support.1,2 However, finding materials that are stable and conductive under the oxidative and acidic conditions of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is extremely challenging. Most materials suffer from oxidation, and subsequent passivation and/or dissolution during the OER.3 Titanium-based materials have shown excellent corrosion-resistant properties. Titanium metal has been employed as a porous transport layer (PTL) in the PEM electrolysers, and titanium nitride is predicted to be stable in a wide range of pH.4,5 These features indicate that titanium-based materials have potential applicability as catalyst supports for iridium oxide water oxidation catalysts.
Herein, a series of titanium-based thin films (titanium oxide, titanium metal, titanium nitride and titanium-niobium alloy) were synthesised by reactive sputtering and their performance as a support for iridium oxide OER catalysts was examined by electrochemistry mass spectrometry (EC-MS) to measure the O2 evolved in real time. The dissolution of both the catalyst and the supports, i.e., iridium, titanium and niobium, were tested by an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The supports’ capability of remaining conductivity was found to directly correlate with catalytic activity of iridium oxide. The activity and stability of iridium oxide was strongly dependent on the support. Therefore, through this study, we couple EC-MS and ICP-MS to rigorously benchmark the performance of the support and catalysts for the OER reaction in acidic electrolyte.
G. Y. thanks Imperial College London for the President's Scholarship. This project received funding from the Royce Institute Materials Challenge Accelerator Programme.
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