Light-sensitive Nano and Microstructures based on Conjugated Polymers: Optical control of the Cell Fate
Maria Rosa Antognazza a
a Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via R. Rubattino, 81, Milan, 20134 Italy
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
#BIOEL - Bioelectronics
Torremolinos, Spain, 2023 October 16th - 20th
Organizers: Francesca Santoro and Achilleas Savva
Invited Speaker, Maria Rosa Antognazza, presentation 166
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.166
Publication date: 18th July 2023

Use of light for selective and spatio-temporally resolved control of cell functions (photoceutics) is emerging as a valuable alternative to standard electrical and chemical methods. Here, we propose the use of smart materials, and in particular of organic semiconductors, as efficient and biocompatible optical transducers in the field of regenerative medicine.

Devices able to selectively and precisely modulate the fate of living cells, from adhesion to proliferation, from differentiation up to specific function, upon visible light will be presented. Examples of practical applications, recently reported by our group, include optical modulation of the activity of both excitable and non-excitable cells, control of essential cellular switches like transient receptor potential channels and other cationic channels, as well as effective modulation of intracellular calcium signaling for precise control of cell metabolic processes. We describe fabrication and optimization of micro- and nano-structured polymeric interfaces, in the form of beads and 3D scaffolds, with different cell models. As representative examples, we report on (i) functional interaction with intracellular proteins, leading to non-toxic modulation of the cell redox balance [1,2]; (ii) a novel strategy to gain optical control of Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) fate and to optically induce angiogenesis in vitro [3]; (iii) optical modulation of mesenchymal stem cells and human-induced pluripotent stem cells physiological pathways [4]; (iv) effects of light-sensitive 3D scaffolds on neurogenesis [5]. Current knowledge about the photo-activated processes occurring at the conjugated polymer/living cell interface, obtained by complementing several physical/chemical/biological characterization techniques, is also critically discussed.  The above mentioned study-cases represent, to the best of our knowledge, first reports on use of organic semiconductors for optical modulation of the cell fate, with disruptive perspectives in cell-based therapies. Future opportunities and perspective applications in regenerative medicine will be critically evaluated in the conclusions.

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