Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.164
Publication date: 18th July 2023
The common methods for in-vivo delivery of biomolecules are strongly limited by invasiveness and/or lack of quantitative delivery control. These limitations can be overcome by the Organic Electronic Ion Pump (OEIP), that electrophoretically delivers ions without fluid flow and ions backflow from tissue, enabling quantitative studies. The capillary-based OEIPs have been demonstrated to be minimally invasive, however, the micro-scale glass capillaries are brittle, thus tend to break during insertion in harder tissues. In this work, we developed flexible and robust OEIPs based on polyimide-coated glass capillaries, enabling their insertion in a wide range of biological tissues. We provide evidence that sufficient intensity of blue light penetrates via the polyimide coating, although it is commonly accepted that polyimide’ high optical absorption prevents polymerization using high energy light. Using low cost, water soluble photoinitiators and blue light, we established a cheap and environmentally safe system for photo-crosslinking via polyimide coating.
The resulting OEIP devices can reliably deliver abscisic acid (ABA), the so-called plant stress hormone, one of the most challenging substances delivered using iontronic devices. The developed OEIP was applied to deliver ABA directly into the petiole of intact Arabidopsis leaves, establishing an advanced petiole feeding tool. In contrary to the conventional petiole feeding assays, OEIP enables ion delivery to intact plants with a high control of the delivered dose and elimination of the disturbances induced by convective delivery. By delivering ABA to the petiole, we triggered immediate and long-lasting stomata closure, without observable wound effect, demonstrating the high potential of the developed bioactuator. The mechanism of the induced stomata closure was studied by delivering endogenously absent deuterium-labeled ABA, confirming that the closure was induced by the delivered ABA ions that were distributed to the leaf blade by the plant vasculature.
This work was primarily supported by the the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 800926 (FET-OPEN-HyPhOE) and the Swedish Foundation For Strategic Research (FFL18-0101). Additional funding was provided by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Wallenberg Wood Science Center, and by the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU No. 2009-00971).
K.L. and J.S. were supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (VINNOVA) and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. We also thank the Swedish Metabolomics Centre for access to instrumentation.
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