Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.151
Publication date: 18th July 2023
Narrow bandgap perovskite solar cells based on mixed lead-tin perovskites tend to suffer from poor stability under operating conditions. This impedes the successful development of all-perovskite tandems. We explore the causes of this instability under extended periods of combined 65°C thermal and 1 sun illumination stressing, using a range of structural, optical, and electronic characterization techniques on lead-tin perovskite films, half-stacks and devices.
We show that the phase, absorbance, morphology and mobility of lead-tin perovskite films are stable on timescales that exceed those of device degradation, although we reveal an interesting pattern of phase segregation after stressing for much longer amounts of time. Additionally, we observe only a slight increase in background carrier density and a moderate decrease in charge lifetime over the first few hundred hours of stressing. We argue that these changes likely only partially account for the observed device degradation.
Investigating the EQE and J-V characteristics of devices reveals the formation of a charge extraction barrier in aged devices. We find that the impact of this barrier is hugely decreased in very fast J-V scans, suggesting that mobile ions contribute significantly to device degradation. Device simulations enable us to weigh the impact of all of these changes on photovoltaic performance. We are able to identify more closely the various processes that limit the stability of lead-tin perovskite solar cells. Finally, we propose solutions related to both bulk perovskite composition and device architecture to overcome these challenges.
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