Tracking the Catalytic Mode of Relevance: Dynamic Operando X-ray Spectroscopy Methods Coupled to Innovative Voltammetric Techniques
Darcy Simondson a, Marc Tesch b, Ioannis Spanos b, Brittany Kerr c, Bernt Johannsen d, Ronny Golnak e, Rosalie Hocking c, Alexandr Simonov a
a School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
b Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, Stiftstraße, 34-36, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
c Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Hawthorn VIC 3122, Australia, Hawthorn, Australia
d ANSTO Australian Synchrotron, Australia, Clayton VIC 3168, Australia, Clayton, Australia
e Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
#WATERCAT - Experiment and theory in the catalysis of water electrolysis and hydrogen fuel cells
Torremolinos, Spain, 2023 October 16th - 20th
Organizers: Serhiy Cherevko and Nejc Hodnik
Oral, Darcy Simondson, presentation 088
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.088
Publication date: 18th July 2023

Water electrolysis remains the most promising pathway towards the sustainable provisioning of H2 at the terawatt scale. Unfortunately, a competitive hydrogen pricing against that derived from fossil fuels remains limited by the capital and ongoing expenditures of current state-of-the-art water electrolyser technologies. It is therefore necessary for future sustainable hydrogen economies that the development of noble-metal-free electromaterials be made to withstand the harsh electrolytic conditions imposed by efficient proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). However, the advancement of cost-effective anode catalysts for industrially relevant PEMWE has thus far been infrequent and relatively unsuccessful. Of the trivial sum of sufficiently stable modes of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) within low-pH electrolytes, self-healing systems demonstrate a potential towards earth-abundant OER under industrially relevant PEMWE conditions. Self-healing mechanisms are defined by a quasi-equilibrated state between surface and dissolved catalytic components, whether added intentionally or corroded from the catalyst itself, and can therefore provide a perceptible means for long-lifetime electrolytic operation. From this perspective, detailing such a mode of electrocatalysis proves highly useful within a range of electrolytic applications including but not limited to water oxidation, as a large sum of electromaterials and electrochemical pathways often rely on the equilibration between surface and dissolved electroactive species. Here at Monash University, Swinburne University of Technology and Max-Planck-Institut for Chemical Energy Conversion, operando X-ray spectroscopic and voltammetric techniques have been developed in order to track a self-healing water oxidation mechanism.1-2 Using a highly stable and high performance Co-based OER catalyst within low-pH conditions,3 utilisation of in situ Co K and L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in conjunction with electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (eQCM) and Fourier Transformed alternating current Voltammetry (FTacV) has allowed the successful tracking of the oxidative changes within the catalysts electronic structure. From a predominant Co(II) ground state to its catalytically relevant Co(III) oxidative structure under operation, the charge- and mass-transfer processes have also been compared against the redox events occurring during the self-healing OER mechanism, providing in detail, the potentials at which both the electron- and mass-transfers begin and the effect of catalytic loading on cobalt selective process. Further details of the mechanistic insights into both static and dynamic electro- and spectroelectrochemical techniques will be elaborated on through both poster submission and oral presentation.  

Part of this research was undertaken at the XAS beamline of the Australian Synchrotron, as well as the Part of this work was undertaken at the LiXEdrom endstationat Beamline U49-2 PGM-1 at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fürMaterialien und Energie (Berlin, Germany) and the Monash Centre of Electron Microscopy and Monash X-ray Platform. The financial support of the work by the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (project 2018-RND008) and the Australian Research Council (Future Fellowship to A.N.S.; FF200100317) is gratefully acknowledged. D.S. and J.L.G. acknowledge their support from the Russell Tait and Jenny Tait Postgraduate Research Scholarship. 

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