Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.043
Publication date: 18th July 2023
The development of next generation battery chemistries beyond Li-ion is of crucial importance to achieving a zero emissions economy by 2050, and batteries are expected to play a pivotal role in the electrification of a range of sectors, including transport, aerospace and grid-scale storage. Li-S batteries are a particularly attractive option, due to their projected high energy density, low cost, operating temperature range, and safety; however, sulfur, on its own, is a poor electrode material due to its extremely low conductivity (5 x 10‑30 S cm‑1). Various forms of carbon have been explored as the host material for sulfur cathodes because they are conductive, lightweight and mechanically robust; furthermore, depending on the structure and functionality, employing carbon hosts can address other performance degradation mechanisms arising from volume expansion, polysulfide shuttling, sluggish kinetics and poor contact during cycling. In this work, free-standing carbon fibre electrodes were prepared via electrospinning of biomass precursors followed by further heat treatment. The porosity, functionality and conductivity can be tailored by varying the precursor and carefully tuning the treatment conditions, to enable free-standing electrodes with high sulfur loadings and improved redox kinetics. In addition, enhanced polysulfide interactions result in the suppression of shuttling and sulfur inventory loss, leading to greater capacity retention over long-term cycling. The ability to tailor these hierarchical nanostructures therefore makes this process a promising route to achieving new cathode materials for Li‑S technologies.
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