Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.023
Publication date: 18th July 2023
The active layer of Organic Solar Cells typically comprises a mixture of donor and acceptor molecules, forming a so-called bulk-heterojunction (BHJ), whose optimal nanostructure is highly material specific. The nanostructure of a BHJ blend comprises both mixed regions where the donor and acceptor molecules are in intimate contact as well as relatively pure domains of either blend component, which facilitate exciton dissociation and charge extraction, respectively. The poor intrinsic stability arises because the optimal nanostructure of a best performing BHJ tends to be far away from thermodynamic equilibrium1. As a result, the initial BHJ nanostructure can evolve with time through short- and/or long-range diffusion of either of the blend components resulting in a decrease in device performance2,3.
Here, we explore whether the use of acceptor mixtures comprising more than two components can substantially increase the active layer's thermal stability. The use of acceptor mixtures with more than two components is motivated by our recent observation that blending of up to eight perylene derivatives can lead to mixtures with an unprecedented ability to form a molecular glass, driven by the formation of a high-entropy ordered liquid composed of perylene aggregates4. In the current work, up to five Y-series (ITIC-derivative) acceptors are mixed, in analogy to bulk metallic glasses, which tend to comprise up to five elements5,6,7. The combination of several acceptors has a minimal effect on their electronic disorder and blending with the widely used donor polymer PM6 results in hexanary blends with best device efficiencies of 17.6 %. The hexanary blends display a high degree of thermal stability, independent of the film thickness (up to 390 nm), resulting in an unaltered photovoltaic performance upon annealing at 130 oC for 23 days (552 hours) in the dark and under inert conditions.
This publication is based upon work supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under Award No: OSR-2019-CARF/CCF-3079, OSR-CRG2018-3746 and OSR-CARF/CCF-3079. S.H., E.J., C.M., I.J. and E.M. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the project “Mastering Morphology for Solution-borne Electronics” (grant number 2016.0059). S.H. and C.M. acknowledge support from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under grant agreement no. OSR-2019-CPF-4106. The authors thank the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II, Contract No. DE-SC0012704), Brookhaven National Laboratory for providing GIWAXS experiment time.
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