Publication date: 8th June 2021
We report the antimicrobial activity of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) of average diameter 21, 46 and 140 nm and silver nitrate, combined with antibiotics (colistin, vancomycin, amikacin and tetracycline) was studied against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Biocidal Concentration (MBC) were evaluated by using micro-dilution methods. Combined effects were determined by estimation of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index. The silver nanoparticles activity strongly depended on size. The lowest MIC of AgNPs was noticed against Escherichia coli (58 µg ml -1), followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (both 178 µg ml -1) for the smallest NP size. Synergistic effects were found when tetracycline was combined with small AgNPs. In these cases, the effects are attributed to the complexation of AgNPs with antibiotics, altered biodistribution and the Oxidative Stress induced by the AgNP corrosion added to the release of bio-active Ag+ ions and their specific antimicrobial effects. The obtained results clearly indicate how combined use of antibiotics with NPs can enhance antibacterial activity in a way that traditional antibiotics cannot do.
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