DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.incnc.2021.014
Publication date: 8th June 2021
Clinical modality based on light activation and photosensitizers, phototherapy, has been recognized as a novel alternative for cancer therapy owning to its high selectivity, safety and compatibility with other tumor ablation modalities. However, key challenges such as low light penetration, low generation rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) or of heat for photothermal therapy (PTT), and poor distribution specificity of photosensitizers have restricted its widespread clinical use, which require rational design and improvement on photosensitizers. Herein we propose a strategy that combines plasmonic gold nanorods, which can generate hot electrons under laser irradiation, with semiconductor materials such as ZnO or TiO2. The generated hot electrons can be injected into the conduction band of semiconductors and eventually produce ROS (·OH and 1O2), which can lead to cell apoptosis. In addition, by adjusting the size and the aspect ratio of gold nanorods, we extend the irradiation window to NIR-II region where light can go deeper into the tissues. Finally, we use zwitterionic polymers to cover the surface of the synthesized nanoparticles to prevent nonspecific interactions with biomolecules and cells, and prolong their circulation time in vivo. We continue working on designing different zwitterionic block copolymers, modifying the end groups of polymer chains and adding functional groups to enable bioconjugating targeting ligands for better tumor specificity.
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