DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.incnc.2021.003
Publication date: 8th June 2021
In solution, nanoparticles may be conceptually compartmentalized into cores and engineered surface coatings. Recent advances allow for simple and accurate characterization of nanoparticle cores and surface shells. After introduction into complex biological environment, adsorption of biological molecules to the nanoparticle surface as well as a loss of original surface components occur. Thus, colloidal nanoparticles in the context of biological environment are hybrid materials with complex structure, which may result in different chemical, physical, and biological outcomes as compared to the original engineered nanoparticles. In this perspective, the way to synthesize selected inorganic nanoparticles, as a model for discussion, will be highlighted. Then, we will discuss the environmental changes upon exposure of these nanoparticles to biological media and their uptake by cells. Finally, the intracellular fate of nanoparticles and their degradation will be discussed.