Publication date: 15th December 2014
Solar Hydrogen can be generated by water splitting directly exploiting solar energy and semiconductor materials. This subject is an attractive field of research, due to the possibility of preparing nano materials able to absorb and convert sunlight, with high quantum yields, into high energy charge carriers which can drive the water oxidation and reduction reaction at separate compartments of a photo-electrochemical cell (PEC). This process, through energy conversion, carries out also an energy storage, in a chemical form and may allow for the production of virtually inexhaustible renewable fuel, pure hydrogen gas, if reasonably high efficiencies will be achieved.Although the realization of a molecular-level system mimicking natural photosynthesis for the production of solar fuelsis certainly interesting and fascinating from a fundamental point of view, the practical efficiency achievements with respect to water splitting have so far been limited by a small driving force and kinetic complications. Thus the direct use of semiconductor photo-electrodes has become an interesting alternative way to achieve photo induced water splitting. The possibility of obtaining very energetic charge carriers, with a practically unitary quantum yield, allows to induce the required electrochemical reactions at the solid/electrolyte interface and also produces energy storage.In particular, WO3 based electrodes show interesting properties, displaying both visible absorption and good charge-transport abilities [7-8]. The electrochemical anodization of metallic tungsten is a convenient method for preparing nano structured and nano porous photoactive substrates in which the oxide are tightly interconnected and strongly bound to the metal collector, so to improve the photo generated charge collection efficiency. Other ways to improve the efficiency are concerning the preparation of tandem electrodes, possibly working with the help of semiconductor n-p junctions.
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