Publication date: 7th February 2022
Fully printable carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs), represent one of the most promising perovskite solar cell (PSC) architectures. Highly scalable, stable and low in cost, these devices consist of a TiO2 compact layer (C-TiO2) and three sequentially screen-printed mesoporous layers of TiO2, ZrO2 and carbon, where perovskite is infiltrated through. While there has been remarkable progress in optimizing and scaling up the deposition of the mesoporous layers and perovskite, few publications focus on the C-TiO2 and its optimum deposition method. In this work we investigate the potential for substituting the commonly used C-TiO2 spray pyrolysis with the more easily scaled screen-printing. It was found that, printed 1 cm2 devices exhibited similar Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) to those fabricated with spray pyrolysis, when the screen-printed compact films have similar thickness with the sprayed ones. In contrast, thicker printed C-TiO2 led to lower efficiency. We also examine the TiCl4 influence on the quality of the produced compact layers, which proved beneficial mostly in the printed films. A champion PCE of 13.11% was achieved by a device with a screen-printed, TiCl4 treated compact layer, proving that C-TiO2 screen-printing is a viable replacement for spray pyrolysis for the fabrication of C-PSCs.
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