Publication date: 14th September 2021
Technological advances in recent years have enabled incremental increases in the energy density of Li-ion batteries (LIBs), making them a cost-effective and practical option for applications that include transport and solar-power storage. LIBs are expected to continue to dominate the rechargeable battery market in the short term, with the global market worth a projected $94 billion by 2025. However, with energy density having plateaued in standard LIBs, new manufacturing solutions are needed to meet demand and keep pace with increasingly power-hungry applications by unlocking the commercial potential of other technologies. Furthermore, the sustainability and environmental costs of state-of-the-art LIBs are substantial barriers to a greener electrification of the economy.
Rechargeable batteries that employ in-situ electroplating of Li or Na metal (also known as "anode free") will enable a substantial increase in energy density compared to current state-of-the-art LIBs (300 Wh/kg) and alleviate many of the issues on the environmental impact of production, recycling and disposal. In this presentation, recent advances in the design of Na/Li "anode free" batteries will be discussed in terms of reduced mass, high energy densities, scalability and sustainability. The current collector and electrolyte's role in obtaining high Couloumbic efficiencies and increased cycle-life will be highlighted. Examples of systems in small and large formats will be shown to demonstrate the viability of the technologies and how they could enable a truly sustainable battery industry.