Publication date: 1st July 2014
In 2009 a lead iodide based perovskite was shown to be a sensitiser for a dye sensitised solar cell1 replacing the dye to make a 3% efficient device. From this work the perovskite cell was developed, using a solid state hole conductor and with the electron transport through the perovskite rather than through a semi-conducting scaffold2. The research on these cells since 2012 has seen an increase in the verified efficiency from 13% to 17.9% in just one year.
Whilst impressive, most of these results have been on very small scale devices (<0.1cm2) and use spin coating to deposit the perovskite film, either onto a mesoporous scaffold or as a planar heterojunction. In order to realise the commercial potential of these devices larger scale printing methods need to be employed such as slot die coating. When coating large areas non-destructive methods of quickly characterising films are required in order to assess uniformity.
White light interferometry is a non-contact technique which is much quicker than AFM profiling, it does not require the vacuum environment of an SEM and has few limitations on substrate size. As such it can, within seconds, produce a 3D profile of mixed halide (CH3NH3PbI3-xClx) perovskite film. This work examines the uniformity of surface profile over coated large coated areas and compares it with the profile of spin coated films of 1cm2.
1. Kojima, A, Kenjiro, T, Yasuo Shirai,Miyasaka, T. Organometal Halide Perovskites as Visible-Light Sensitizers for Photovoltaic Cells. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, (2009).
2. Lee, M. M., Teuscher, J., Miyasaka, T., Murakami, T. N. & Snaith, H. J. Efficient hybrid solar cells based on meso-superstructured organometal halide perovskites. Science 338, 643–7 (2012).
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