Publication date: 1st July 2014
Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskites have recently emerged as a top contender to be used as an absorber material in highly efficient, low cost photovoltaic devices. Solution processed semiconductors tend to have a high density of defect states and exhibit a large degree of electronic disorder. Perovskites appear to go against this trend and despite relatively little knowledge of the impact of electronic defects, solar-to-electrical power conversion efficiencies of up to 17.9 % have been achieved. Here, through treatment of the crystal surfaces with the Lewis bases thiophene and pyridine, we demonstrate electronic passivation of under-coordinated Pb atoms within the crystal. This significantly inhibits non-radiative electron-hole recombination within the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite films and we achieve photoluminescence lifetimes which are enhanced by nearly an order of magnitude, up to 2 µs. Through this passivation, we achieve power conversion efficiencies for solution processed planar heterojunction solar cells enhanced from 13% to 15.3% and 16.5 % for the untreated, thiophene and pyridine treated solar cells respectively.
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