Publication date: 1st July 2014
Semiconductor nanowires are one of the essential building blocks for photovoltaic cells with a view to allowing short distances for carrier transport within the nanowire and interpenetrating heterojunction at the nanoscale for charge generation following light absorption. In this work, we demonstrated near infrared sensitive, non-toxic bismuth sulfide nanowire arrays for solution-processed inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaic cells. The bismuth sulfide nanowire arrays were grown on a transparent conducting substrate from mild aqueous chemistry. By decorating the nanowire with silver sulfide, the performance of hybrid solar cells based on spiro-OMeTAD organic hole transporter remarkably boosted. Silver sulfide coats the nanowire homogeneously via successive ionic layer adsorption reaction, evolving exotic core-shell nanostructure with controlled shell thickness, which not only extends the photon response of the hybrid photovoltaic cells to infrared region, but also forms type-II heterojunction with bismuth sulfide to tune interfacial charge transfer. In this regard, the hybrid solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency of 2.5 % under simulated air mass 1.5 global illumination conditions, and the external quantum efficiency of the cells peaked at 70 % even with silver sulfide shell thickness of over 200 nm, which is attributed to the efficient charge generation at bismuth sulfide nanowire/silver sulfide interface as evidenced by transient absorption measurements, and to the rapid charge collection within the bismuth sulfide nanowire. Our study will pave the path to applications of non-toxic metal sulfide heterojunctions in solar cells and solar fuels.
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