Revealing the reaction mechanism and chemo-mechanics of solid-state Na-S batteries

Quoc Hung Nguyen^a, Juraj Todt^c^,^d, Steven Boles^e, Jozef Keckes^c^,^d, Daniel Rettenwander^a^,^b

^aDepartment of Material Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.

^bChristian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State Batteries, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway

^cDepartment of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria.

^dErich Schmid Institute for Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria.

^eDepartment of Energy and Process Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway

Proceedings of 24th International Conference on Solid State Ionics (SSI24)

Emerging Materials for High-Performance Devices

London, United Kingdom, 2024 July 14th - 19th

Organizers: John Kilner and Stephen Skinner

Poster, Quoc Hung Nguyen, 607
Publication date: 10th April 2024

Solid-state sodium-sulfur batteries are promising for energy storage due to their high energy density, cost-effectiveness, and abundant raw materials. Despite these promising characteristics, challenges such as the phase evolution of (poly)sulfides and how it is linked to the significant volume expansion occurring in the cathode during cycling are poorly understood.^1,2

This work will present our recent progress in developing Na-S batteries using sulfide and closo-borates solid electrolytes. The battery using a conventional composite cathode achieved high first discharge capacity more than 1600 mAh/g at 100 mA/g current density which is close to the theoretical capacity of sulfur. This is due to the homogeneous sulfur distribution within the electrode and intimate contact of sulfur, solid electrolyte, and conductive carbon. We will discuss how tortuosity impacts sulfur utilization in the composite cathode and provide new insights into sulfur redox chemistry and associated kinetic limitations. Furthermore, we will examine the correlation between phase, volume, and stress evolution.

In summary, this study will offer unprecedented insights into the underlying mechanisms in solid-state Na-S batteries, which are crucial for their further development towards commercialization.

References:

[1] Lei, Yao‐Jie, et al. "A Review on the Status and Challenges of Cathodes in Room‐Temperature Na‐S Batteries." Advanced Functional Materials 33.11 (2023): 2212600.

[2] Ma, Jingkang, et al. "Toward the Advanced Next‐Generation Solid‐State Na‐S Batteries: Progress and Prospects." Advanced Functional Materials 33.20 (2023): 2214430.

Acknowledgements:

D.R. acknowledges financial support from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs, the National Foundation for Research, Technology, and Development, and the Christian Doppler Research Association (Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State Batteries). J.T., J.K., D.R. acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No 101103834 (OPERA)

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