Publication date: 10th April 2024
Currently, great efforts focus on the development of inorganic and polymeric solid electrolytes. All-solid-state batteries are also the target technology of new and established players on the battery market. However, commercial viability has not been achieved yet. The further development and optimisation of solid electrolytes has a fundamental issue at the electrochemical characterisation level. Namely, the absence of standardized protocols in sample preparation (e.g. processing pressures and electrode contacting), test cells, measuring and evaluation procedures. As one consequence, the determination of the ionic conductivity is prone to large experimental uncertainty, even for nominally identical samples. This has recently been shown in an extensive round-robin study using inorganic halide argyrodite solid electrolyte samples.[1] On the other hand, it has also been shown in a case-study using ceramic oxide-based electrolytes, that harmonized procedures can lead to more reproducible results.[2] Sample fabrication procedures and the applied pressure during the measurement were also identified as playing a major role in the resulting ionic conductivities of the samples.[3]
A survey of recent literature conducted in this project yields intriguing insights into the current situation: Publications on solid electrolyte characterization in many cases fall short on reporting experimental conditions like pressure during the measurement, sample thickness and temperature. Further, there is a broad range of contacting methods, cell designs and impedance procedures. In order to improve the reliability of ionic conductivity determination, there is a need for standardized sample preparation methods, measuring procedures, specialized hardware and evaluation software. Within the STAMPF project, we aim to identify optimized measuring and preparation conditions for sulfide, oxide, and polymer electrolytes as major material classes. Screening conditions include pre-processing pressure, contact materials, pressure during measurement, temperature, and AC amplitude as well as different cell designs. The experimental work is complemented by software development for automatic impedance analysis for the determination of the ionic conductivity of the samples.
We would like to acknowledge the funding by the German Federal Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) under reference numbers 03ET6155A and 13XP0497B.
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