Publication date: 10th April 2024
One of the expected advantages of alkali solid-state batteries is the potentiat utilization of metal anodes. This requires reversible, dendrite-free and long-term stable operation of either lithium or sodium metal anodes in contact with solid electrolyte separator layers. This lecture will summarize the fundamental key challenges for successful implementation of metal anodes and will present novel experimental results on the kinetics, the microstructure and morphology of lithium and sodium metal anodes in cells with a chemically stable oxide solid electrolyte. In particular, the pore formation under anodic load, as well as metal nucleation under cathodic load has been studied, along with the microstructure of the metal anodes. The microstructural evolution of the metal under kinetic load will be discussed in detail.
In addition, recent results on the silicon anode in sulfide based solid-state batteries will be presented [1]. It is demonstrated that planar and compact silicon layers may be well used as anode in lithium-based SSBs, once the mechanical strain exposed by the silicon anode is properly compensated. Composite anodes of silicon and a sulfide electrolyte suffer from severe SEI formation and may require more advanced interlayer concepts.
Funding by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Germany) within the Cluster of Competence FESTBATT is acknowledged (Project FB2-Thio and Project FB2-Char).
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