Publication date: 10th April 2024
Proton Ceramic Electrolysis (PCEs) presents an intriguing advantage compared to other electrolysis technologies due to its potential for direct production of pressurized dry hydrogen, in addition to an intermediate operating temperature that allows for high electrical efficiency, thermal integration with industrial processes and renewable energy sources and slower diffusion-related degradation. Recent years have shown an impressive development in reported cell performances for PCEs, confirming the potential of the technology. Pressurized operation of PCEs is particularly advantageous due to a combination of favourable thermodynamics for proton transport in the electrolyte and the possibility of direct production of dry pressurized hydrogen without any downstream separation or compression.
This contribution will present the development and upscaling of tubular PCEs (10-60 cm2) based on a robust and chemically stable BZCY81 electrolyte for operation at high steam pressures. Scalable and reproducible production of tubular cells with a demonstrated tolerance to long-term operation at 10 bar operating pressure is achieved for more than 10 tubular cells with different cell configurations - highlighting the robustness of the proposed technology. Significant improvements in electrochemical performance and faradaic efficiency is achieved by optimizing the architecture and composition of the steam electrode. The impact of operating pressure on electrochemical activity, faradaic efficiency and overall energy efficiency is investigated at a single-cell level and discussed in terms of the defect chemistry of the electrolyte and the electrochemical processes at the electrode interfaces. Moreover, a combined electrochemical and fluid-dynamic model is used to corroborate experimental measurements over a range of process conditions to elucidate the impact of pressurized operation on the overall efficiency of PCEs, and discuss the trade-offs in different operating modes in terms of overall energy efficiency vs hydrogen production rate at a given delivery pressure at system level.
The PROTOSTACK project is supported by the Clean Hydrogen partnership and its members Hydrogen Europe and Hydrogen Europe Research.