Publication date: 10th April 2024
Hydride ion (H–) conductors have made remarkable progress in recent years; in particular, the fluorite-type LaH3–δ series exhibits high conductivity around room temperature. However, its intrinsic character of hydrogen non-stoichiometry still makes its application as a solid electrolyte challenging, for which high electronic insulation is essential. Here, Sr-substituted LaH3–δ with slight O2– incorporation, represented as La1–xSrxH3–x–2yOy (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, y ≤ 0.171), is synthesized, which exhibits H– conductivity of 10–4 - 10–5 S cm–1 at room temperature. The galvanostatic discharge reaction using an all-solid-state cell composed of Ti|La1-xSrxH3-x-2yOy|LaH3–δ shows that the Ti electrode is completely hydrogenated to TiH2 for x ≥ 0.2, whereas a short circuit occurs for x = 0.1. These experimental observations, together with calculation studies on the density of states and the defect formation energy, provide clear evidence that electropositive cation, such as Sr, doping critically suppresses the electron conduction in LaH3–δ. Achieving a superior H– conducting solid electrolyte is a novel milestone in the development of electrochemical devices that utilize its strong reducing ability (Eº(H–/H2) = –2.25 V vs. SHE), such as batteries with high energy density and electrolysis/fuel cells with high efficiency.
This work was supported by the following grants: Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) FOREST (JPMJFR213H), PRESTO (JPMJPR20T2), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (20H02828, 22K14755), Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (17H05492, 18H05516, 19H04710, 22H04514), and Challenging Research (22K18909) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The neutron studies were approved by the Neutron Scattering Program Advisory Committee of the Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (2019S10).
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