Publication date: 10th April 2024
Solid-state batteries are expected to be next-generation batteries in the low carbon society due to their high reliability. Garnet-type solid electrolytes are regarded as a promising electrolyte for the batteries because of their conductivities are as high as 10-3 S cm-1 and their stability against lithium metal. Although lithium metal anodes will provide high energy densities to the batteries, lithium metal anodes on garnet-type solid electrolytes often exhibit dendritic growth during charging leading to internal short-circuit.
The critical current density for the dendritic growth will strongly depends on the surface chemistry of garnet. For example, exposure of garnet to ambient air forms a contamination layer of Li2CO3 and LiOH with protonation of the garnet. Since the contamination layer is a poor ionic conductor, it impedes lithium-ion transfer at the interface to the electrode. Therefore, the charging current is concentrated to part of the Li/garnet interface where the contamination layer is not formed, resulting in the short circuit. Various methods to remove the contamination layer have been proposed in order to suppress the internal short-circuit: surface polishing, heat treatment to react Li2CO3 with protonated garnet, and that reacting the Li2CO3 with carbon; however, their effects are limited. We will present a very simple method to remove the contamination layer and effectively suppress the internal short-circuit at the conference.
This work was partly supported by the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program, Specially Promoted Research for Innovative Next Generation Batteries (ALCA-SPRING) of the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan (grant number JPMJAL1301); a Materials Processing Science project (‘Materealize’) of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan (grant number JPMXP0219207397); a KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Interface IONICS” (grant number JP19H05813) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS); and the Program on Open Innovation Platforms for Industry-academia Co-creation of JST (grant number JPMJPF2016).
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