Publication date: 10th April 2024
Composite materials based on molten salts and solid oxide phases have been suggested in the 90's as promising electrolytes for intermediate temperature fuel cells. The conductivity as a function of temperature presents a peculiar variation, with a huge gain of 2-3 orders of magnitude around the melting temperature of the salts. Conductivity close to 0.1 S.cm-1 can be reached at 500°C as in the case of Sm-doped ceria (SDC) associated to (Li,Na,K)2CO3 ternary eutectic composition. Our work aimed to go deeper in the determination of species and transport mechanisms in this electrolyte. We performed systematic studies as a function of temperature and gas compositions (oxidizing and reducing atmospheres, wet or dry) by impedance spectroscopy. DSC/TGA additional analyses, as well as post mortem X-Ray Diffraction were carried out. All results yielded to the important role of interfaces between molten carbonates and solid oxide phase, thus a partial transformation of carbonates into hydroxides in H2-rich atmospheres, accelerated in presence of water and avoided with CO2 addition [1]. This allowed us to define the atmospheric conditions for fuel cells / electrolysis operations, as well as the design of the electrodes. The reversibility has been highlighted with "symmetrical cells", as well as power density of 0.4 W.cm-2 at 0.7V in these conditions.
Work was supported by the French programs PLANEX ANR-11-EQPX-0–01 and ANR POSEYDON ANR-21-CE05–0025–01. PhD grant supported by the French MESRI (Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur, de la recherche et de l'innovation, France) as well as PSL (Paris Sciences et Lettres University).
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