Publication date: 10th April 2024
We developed a lithium ion battery intercalation & exfoliation method with detailed experimental procedures for the mass production of 11 two dimensional TMDs and inorganic nanosheets, such as MoS2, WS2, TiS2, TaS2, ZrS2, graphene, h-BN, NbSe2, WSe2, Sb2Se3 and Bi2Te3, among them 3 TMDs achieved mono- or double layer yield > 90%. This method involves the electrochemical intercalation of lithium ions into layered inorganic materials and a mild sonication process. The Li insertion can be monitored and finely controlled in the battery testing system, so that the galvanostatic discharge process is stopped at a proper Li content to avoid decomposition of the intercalated compounds. The intercalation strategy can also be used to tune 2D TMDs’ physical and chemical properties for various applications. For example, we developed an one-step covalent functionalization method on MoS2 nanosheets for membrane fabrication, which exhibited excellent water desalination performance. For lithium intercalation mechanism, the state-of-the-art In-Situ Liquid Phase TEM is an ideal technique for identifying the phase changes during intercalation process. With self-designed electrochemical liquid cell utilized, we can directly vapture the dynamic electrochemical lithiation and delithiation of electrode in a commercial LiPF6/EC/DEC electrolyte, such as LiF nanocrystal formation, lithium metal dendritic growth, electrolyte decomposition, and solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) formation. Combining with other in-situ techniques, such as in-situ XAS, XRD and Raman, etc, the underlying lithium intercalation mechanism in TMDs were further investigated, which render us a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic correlation between the intercalation process and TMDs layered structures.
Z.Y. Zeng thanks the funding support from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. CityU11308923) and the Basic Research Project from Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee in Shenzhen, China (No. JCYJ20210324134012034). This work was also supported by the Seed Collaborative Research Fund Scheme of the State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, which receives regular research funding from the Innovation and Technology Commission (ITC) of the Hong Kong SAR Government. However, any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication do not reflect the views of the Hong Kong SAR Government or the ITC.
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