Publication date: 10th April 2024
Solid-state batteries stand out as one of the most promising energy storage technologies, holding the potential to revolutionize electric vehicles due to their remarkable attributes, such as high energy density and inherent safety. [1] Despite significant research efforts, the successful implementation of solid-state batteries is still hindered by obstacles such as Li-dendrites, loss of interfacial contact between materials due to electrode volume changes, and chemical incompatibilities between components. [2]
To overcome the current challenges, a deep understanding of the degradation processes taking place during battery operation is necessary. However, studying solid-state batteries in operando on relevant systems and conditions remains challenging, with the main complexity arising from the need to apply high pressures.
In this talk, I will showcase our recent progress in conducting in-situ/operando studies on solid-state batteries. For instance, I will demonstrate how we (i) employed operando cross-sectional nano X-ray diffraction with a spatial resolution down to 30 nm to provide a novel understanding of the formation and propagation of Li dendrites in garnet-type solid electrolytes [3,4], (ii) utilized spatially resolved operando cross-sectional high-energy XRD with a spatial resolution of < 10 mm to examine the phase and stress evolution in solid-state Na-S batteries, and (iii) explored the phase evolution in solid-state Li-FeF3 batteries via in-situ XRD/XANES
The CSnanoXRD experiments were performed on beamline ID13 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France. The XRD/XANES experiments were performed on beamline BM31 and BM01 at ESRF. Operando cross-sectional high-energy XRD was conducted at beamline PH07/EH3, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY. We are grateful to Manfred Burghammer (ID13), Dragos Stoian (BM31), Kenneth Marshall (BM31), Wouter Van Beek (BM31), Dmitry Chernyshov (BM01), and Norbert Schell (PH07/EH3) for assistance in using beamlines. D.R. and F.F. acknowledge financial support from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs, the National Foundation for Research, Technology, and Development, and the Christian Doppler Research Association (Christian Doppler Laboratory for Solid-State Batteries). Allauthors acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No 101103834 (OPERA).
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