Publication date: 10th April 2024
Ni-YSZ is the state of the art fuel electrode in solid oxide cells, but microstructural changes often occur near the electrode/electrolyte interface during operation that can cause performance degradation. This talk will review current experimental results and present phase-field simulations of microstructural evolution, with the initial structures obtained from measured three-dimensional Ni-YSZ microstructures. Ni migration and particle disconnection, as reported by some groups, is investigated by imposing a spatial gradient in Ni/YSZ interfacial tension. An analysis of the electro-wetting effect at Ni/YSZ interfaces is presented to explain the interfacial tension gradient. Both surface diffusion and capillary driven evaporation/condensation are explored as possible transport mechanisms; the latter is found to be too slow to explain observed Ni migration at normal operating temperatures. Effects of different Ni-YSZ starting microstructures, e.g., different Ni/YSZ ratios, are also explored. Results from analytical calculations of Ni migration velocity, assuming that the interfacial tension gradient arises from electro-wetting and that transport is via surface diffusion, are also presented.
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