Publication date: 10th April 2024
The development of nanostructured composite materials is critical for improving the efficiency of a variety of heterogeneous catalytic processes. Metal exsolution is a promising synthesis route for the formation of oxide-supported metal catalysts, allowing for the formation of well dispersed and highly active metal nanoparticles. While exsolution is often proposed as a route for enhancing particle stability (thus leading to catalytic systems with increased efficiency and extended lifetimes), recent work has shown that there are still limitations to the thermal stability of exsolved nanoparticles. Provided this, a fundamental understanding of the factors which impact the stability of exsolved nanoparticles remains essential to the development of optimized catalytic systems. In this work, the dynamics of exsolved Ni nanoparticles are investigated using an environmental STEM equipped with a secondary electron detector, providing a route for atomic-resolution characterization of the sample surface during and after the exsolution process. An epitaxially grown Ni-doped strontium titanate thin film is utilized for in situ experiments, which has a unique nanostructure that consists of a Ni-doped strontium titanate matrix with embedded, heteroepitaxial NiO nanocolumns. Exsolution from this material is characterized, providing evidence that two distinct populations of Ni nanoparticles form – those that precipitate above second-phase nanocolumns, and those which nucleate above the matrix. The dynamics of the two nanoparticle populations post-exsolution are highlighted and characterized by in situ STEM, with particular focus on the different behaviors of the two types in regards to Ostwald Ripening and particle migration.
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