Publication date: 10th April 2024
Doped CeO2-based electrodes emerge as an alternative to state-of-the-art Ni-based cermets electrodes for Intermediate Temperature- Solid Oxide Cells (IT-SOCs), offering mixed ionic-electronic conductivity (MIEC) which combined with Ni-Fe alloys can lead to carbon-tolerant electrodes. Sm co-doping Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 has shown to be a great strategy to improve the electrocatalytic activity and conductivity of electrodes1. Near-Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structures (NEXAFS) combined with electrochemical techniques were carried out at synchrotron facilities (ALBA and Diamond Light Sources) under operando conditions to identify the active species leading to the increased performance of the cells and to distinguish the role in the cermet activity of Sm co-doping from the contribution of Ni-Fe bimetallic alloys. For instance, NAP-XPS results show that an excellent carbon-tolerant electrode material was engineered. Ce, Ni, and Fe active species dictate the electrochemical response of the cell, and we observed that the redox properties of Fe and Ce, resulting from the applied potential, have the greatest influence. Also, the surface chemistry is restored when no potential is applied. Moreover, it has been observed that Fe predominantly reacts with any sulfur present in the fuel, apparently preventing the deactivation of Ni by sulfur poisoning. Thus, the activation of CO2 towards CO production in a H2/CO2 gas mixture was also demonstrated. Furthermore, X-ray Diffraction technique (XRD) were performed under operando conditions (at Bessy II Light Source) and demonstrated that the crystalline structure remains stable and unchanged throughout the operation.
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