Publication date: 10th April 2024
Solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs) are among the most promising eco-friendly energy conversion devices, showcasing superior power generation and green hydrogen production abilities. The current primary objective in the field of SOCs research is to lower the operating temperature to ensure thermal cycling stability and minimize system costs. Achieving feasible performance for commercial usage at reduced temperatures necessitates the use of state-of-the-art cobalt-based oxygen electrode materials with ceria/zirconia bilayer electrolytes. Another approach involves increasing electrochemical active sites by constructing nano-sized electrodes. Nevertheless, the fabrication of dense ceria/zirconia bilayers and nano-structured electrodes remains challenging due to inevitable chemical reactions and the intricate sintering nature of materials.
In this study, we simultaneously tuned the microstructures of electrolytes and electrodes via an ultra-fast one-step microwave-assisted sintering method, successfully fabricating dense and defect-free ceria/zirconia bilayers and nano-structured Ni-zirconia fuel electrodes. The sintering process was conducted at a relatively low temperature of 1200°C and took only several tens of times less than the conventional method. This effectively mitigated undesirable chemical reactions between different phases and suppressed the coarsening of fuel electrode components. The developed SOCs displayed exceptional performance in both the fuel cell and electrolysis modes. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between electrochemical performance and structural features using a digital twinning approach combined with 3D-reconstruction techniques.
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