Publication date: 2nd November 2020
We scaled the optimized p-i-n-type device architecture to larger areas and achieved fully laser patterned series-interconnected mini-modules of 19.4% on 2.2 cm2 active area. Through optimization of the perovskite precursor composition and interfaces to selective contacts, we achieved a perovskite solar cell (PSC) with 22.3% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This is a new record for a PSC with an absorber bandgap of 1.63 eV. The device maintained about 80% of the initial average PCE during maximum power point tracking for more than 700 hours. The improvements can be attributed to the synergy between 1) an improved perovskite absorber quality when introducing formamidinium chloride (FACl) as an additive in the “triple cation” Cs0.05FA0.79MA0.16PbBr0.51I2.49 (Cs-MAFA) perovskite precursor ink, 2) reduced recombination losses by utilizing a lithium fluoride (LiF) interfacial buffer layer, and 3) high-quality hole-selective contacts with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) on ITO electrodes. A robust device architecture and reproducible deposition methods are fundamental for high performance and stable large-area single junction and tandem modules based on PSCs.
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