Publication date: 2nd November 2020
Inorganic organic hybrid perovskite materials have shown great promise in optoelectronic device application due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Starting with photovoltaic cells perovskites are also used in light emitting diodes, photoelectrochemical cells, sensors, detectors and memristors. Despite tremendous progress in device efficiencies there have been various issues in perovskite materials preventing them for immediate commercialization. Hybrid perovskites are highly unstable under heat and sunlight due to photoinduced ion migration which can be characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.[1] However, there have been many controversial reports on ion migration and their corresponding activation energy barriers estimated from EIS data fitting. In this talk I will discuss various methods to analyse impedance spectroscopy data and the fit parameters which are useful for device performance analysis. I will also discuss about the advantages and drawback of EIS data analysis in perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. It can be demonstrated that the strong electronic-ionic coupling in perovskite materials gives rise anomalous charge transport properties in solid state devices.[2,3] Interplay between electronic and ion charge transport can give rise to negative capacitance in perovskite based solar cells and LEDs.[4] AC ionic conductivity measurement shows anomalously high and non-linear conductivity at high frequency regime due to week interaction between A-site cations and X-site halide ions in ABX3 perovskites while blocking nature of electrode materials as well as strong hydrogen bonding between A-site cations and X-site halide ions reduces the ac conductivity at low frequency regime. Therefore, a tuneable ac ionic conductivity can be achieved in mixed-cation mixed halide perovskite materials. Interfaces play a crucial role in deciding charge extraction at the electron and hole transporting layers. At the end I will discuss some interesting observations in spectroelectrochemistry where these perovskite materials form semiconductor/electrolyte junctions. These analyses will be helpful to understand electrolyte gated perovskite field effect transistors as well.
M.B. acknowledges Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology, INDIA under award no. ECR/2016/001530 dated 24/03/2017 for partial support to carry out this research work. D.V. acknowledges Polymer-Based Materials for Harvesting Solar Energy (PHaSE), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award No. DE-SC0001087.
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