Proceedings of Online International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (OnlineHOPV20)
Publication date: 22nd May 2020
Solution-processable metal halide perovskites are increasingly used in perovskite-based light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In particular, green PeLEDs based on methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) composites exhibit impressive optoelectronic propertiesand at the same time enable processing with low-cost and highly scalable printing methods. Especially for printing processes, the commonly used anti-solvent drop method, which induces the preferred perovskite crystallization, cannot be used and other means are required to obtain the desired morphology. In this study, we have investigated the influence of potassium chloride (KCl) blended into the common hole injection material poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) to boost device performance, predominantly due to improved crystallization of the utilized MAPbBr3:polyethylene glycol (PEG) composite. The inclusion of KCl firstly results in a change in morphology of the PEDOT:PSS layer, which then acts as a template for the deposited perovskite layer. Additionally, this templating process can be transferred to scalable inkjet printing processes, by obtaining KCl concentration-dependent results for a planar PEDOT:PSS/MAPbBr3:PEG architecture. PeLEDs incorporating spin-coated perovskite layers show enhanced crystallization that yields a 40-fold increase in luminance (8000 cd m-2) while the turn-on voltage decreases to 2.5 V. For the first time, inkjet-printed PeLEDs are obtained utilizing this KCl templating mechanism, with luminance increased by a factor of 20 at a maximum of 4000 cd m-2 and a turn on voltage of 2.5 V. This work paves the way for inkjet-printed perovskite light emitting devices for a wide variety of low-cost and customizable applications.
This work was carried out in the framework of the Joint Lab GEN_FAB and with the support of the Helmholtz Innovation Lab HySPRINT. The authors gratefully acknowledge Carola Klimm for SEM measurements and Giovanni Ligorio for critical reading of the manuscript. The authors would also like to thank Norbert Koch for granting instrument access. F.M., C.R. and E. L. U. acknowledge funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for the Young Investigator Group Hybrid Materials Formation and Scaling (HyPerFORME) within the program “NanoMatFutur” (grant no. 03XP0091), as well as the Helmholtz Energy Materials Foundry (HEMF) and PEROSEED (ZT-0024) project.
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