Publication date: 19th April 2024
Emerging PV technologies offer promising features for outer space applications: Flexibility, low weight and high specific power. However, stability at space conditions has only been tested on few organic materials used in next-generation solar cell architectures. In this work, the material discovery for this application is accelerated by combining the strengths of high-throughput, lab automation and machine learning. This way, a large material library of more than 120 organic hole transport materials are automatically processed, degraded and measured. The materials are degraded under UVC light in a nitrogen atmosphere, trying to approximate part of the conditions in space. The differential quantum yield is extracted from the changing UV-Vis spectra over time and used as a stability target. Combining Gaussian Process Regression based on predictors from structural fingerprints and manual filtering of the materials by features, design rules for UVC stable materials could be found: High aromaticity, low number of non-nitrogen heteroatoms and lack of vinylene groups. As a further step, some of the materials were also degraded under gamma radiation, showing considerable stability and similar changes to the UV-Vis spectra as for UVC radiation. Gamma radiation is a great benchmark for outer space radiation as it both displaces and ionizes atoms. Finding a correlation factor between gamma and UVC radiation would make predicting radiation hardness from a simple proxy experiment possible. Overall, this work provides great insights into which present and future material candidates to choose for emerging PV technologies having to endure high energy radiation.
A.J.B, L.L., and C.J.B. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (BR 4031/22-1)
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