Publication date: 19th April 2024
Metal-halide perovskites are revolutionizing the world of X-ray detectors, due to the development of sensitive, fast, and cost-effective devices. Self-powered operation, ensuring portability and low power consumption, has also been recently demonstrated in both bulk materials and thin films. However, the signal stability and repeatability under continuous X-ray exposure has only been tested up to a few hours, often reporting degradation of the detection performance. Here it is shown that self-powered direct X-ray detectors, fabricated starting from a FAPbBr3 submicrometer-thick film deposition onto a mesoporous TiO2 scaffold, can withstand a 26-day uninterrupted X-ray exposure with negligible signal loss, demonstrating ultra-high operational stability and excellent repeatability. No structural modification is observed after irradiation with a total ionizing dose of almost 200 Gy, revealing an unexpectedly high radiation hardness for a metal-halide perovskite thin film. In addition, trap-assisted photoconductive gain enabled the device to achieve a record bulk sensitivity of 7.28 C Gy−1 cm−3 at 0 V, an unprecedented value in the field of thin-film-based photoconductors and photodiodes for “hard” X-rays. Finally, prototypal validation under the high-energy (up to 6 MeV) X-ray beam produced by a medical linear accelerator (LINAC) for cancer treatment is also introduced: excellent linearity is found between the cumulative charge collected by the detector and the dose delivered to the patient, which is an essential requirement for radiotherapy dosimetry.
This work was supported by the project “PARIDE” (Perovskite Advanced Radiotherapy & Imaging Detectors), funded under the Regional Research and Innovation Programme POR-FESR Lazio 2014-2020 (project number: A0375-2020-36698). Website: http://diathema.ism.cnr.it/paride/