INTERCONNECTED CHARACTERIZATIONS OF CARBON-BASED PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS WITH HUMIDITY ASSISTED THERMAL TREATMENT
Cynthia FARHA a, Emilie PLANES a, Lara PERRIN a, Lionel FLANDIN a, David MARTINEAU b
a Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LEPMI, 38000 Grenoble, France
b Solaronix S.A., Rue de l’Ouriette 129, Aubonne 1170, Switzerland
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of nanoGe Spring Meeting 2022 (NSM22)
#TSPV22. Towards Stable Perovskite Photovoltaics
Online, Spain, 2022 March 7th - 11th
Organizers: Yana Vaynzof, Feng Gao and Zhuoying Chen
Contributed talk, Cynthia FARHA, presentation 285
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nsm.2022.285
Publication date: 7th February 2022

Recently, organometallic hybrid perovskite materials are experiencing a real progress for solar cell applications. Due to particularly interesting properties: adaptable band gap, high crystallinity, high charge transport capacity and high thin film efficiency, these materials have the potential to exceed the performance limits of current technologies. They also combine a low cost and processing versatility. Among alternative device structures, carbon-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) look highly promising due to their low cost and abundantly available materials (TiO2, ZrO2, carbon black and graphite powders), cost-efficient scalable fabrication methods and the inherent high stability. A one step (CH3NH3)x(AVA)1-xPbI3 perovskite solution (with AVA= ammonium valeric acid additive) was pipetted to infiltrate mp-TiO2/mp-ZrO2 through a thick porous carbon layer [1][2]. In order to reveal their maximum photovoltaic performance, these devices should be first matured under humidity and temperature. This step lasts of approximately 100-150 h and improves of the cell’s performance. To further investigate their stability, aging campaigns at 85°C/85%RH have been conducted during 1000 h. The macroscopic observations show an inhomogeneous degradation of the perovskite layer, the interfaces and the electrodes, mainly located at the edges. This inhomogeneity probably results from the pipetting process used to infiltrate the perovskite. This was confirmed by the variation of PV parameters during aging, which showed an important decrease in performance close to 50% after 1000 h of aging. In this study, a basic encapsulated system based on glass and a surlyn gasket was used, enabling the humidity permeation up to solar cells and inducing probably an accelerated degradation of devices. Thanks to dedicated characterization techniques, such as laser beam induced current (LBIC) measurements and photoluminescence imaging, the local performances have been correlated to the degradation inhomogeneity. The modifications of the perovskite layer have been evaluated with others more common techniques (X-Ray diffraction, UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy). Thanks to this multiscale approach, a degradation mechanism could be proposed highlighting the role playing by the prior maturation step. Today, others technological solutions are tested such as the inkjet printing for the perovskite infiltration and more advanced encapsulation systems, to improve the stability of these PV devices.

This work was done in collaboration with Solaronix, a Swiss company serving a worldwide customer base with their end-to-end expertise in photovoltaics, from where we receive the C-PSCs in order to characterize them. This work has been partly founded by both: the European “UNIQUE” project, supported under the umbrella of SOLAR-ERA.NET_Cofund by ANR, PtJ, MIUR, MINECO-AEI, SWEA (Cofund ERA-NET Action, N° 691664), and the “PROPER” project supported by “EIG Concert Japan” and financed from the French National Centre for Scientific Research under the funding number “IRUEC 222437”. This work has also been supported by the French National Research Agency, through Investments for Future Program (ref. ANR-18-EURE-0016-Solar Academy).

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