Proceedings of nanoGe Spring Meeting 2022 (NSM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nsm.2022.270
Publication date: 7th February 2022
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites have received widespread attention thanks to their strong light absorption, long carrier diffusion lengths, tunable bandgaps, and low temperature processing. Single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved a boost of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% to 25.5% in just a decade. With the continuous growth of PCE in single-junction PSCs, exploiting of monolithic all-perovskite tandem solar cells is now an important strategy to go beyond the efficiency available in single-junction PSCs. However, their actual efficiencies today are diminished by the subpar performance of mixed lead-tin narrow-bandgap subcells. We firstly reported a strategy to reduce Sn vacancies in mixed Pb-Sn perovskites that use metallic tin to reduce the Sn to Sn via a comproportionation reaction. We increased thereby the charge carrier diffusion length in narrow-bandgap perovskites from sub-micrometer to 3 micrometers. We further reported simultaneous enhancements in the efficiency, uniformity and stability of narrow-bandgap subcells using strongly-reductive surface-anchoring zwitterionic molecules. The zwitterionic antioxidant inhibits Sn oxidation and passivates defects at the grain surfaces in mixed lead-tin perovskite film, enabling an efficiency of 21.7% (certified 20.7%) for single-junction solar cells. We obtained a certified efficiency of 24.2% in 1-cm -area all-perovskite tandem cells, and in-lab PCEs of 25.6% and 21.4% for 0.049 and 12 cm devices, respectively. We further obtained record-performing, 26.4%-efficient tandem devices by increasing the thickness of narrow-bandgap subcell without sacrificing the electrical performance. We recently also achieved a certified PCE of 21.7% for 20-cm2 all-perovskite tandem solar modules fully using scalable processing techniques. The encapsulated tandem devices retain 88% of their initial performance following 500 hours of operation under one-sun illumination in ambient conditions.
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