Proceedings of nanoGe Spring Meeting 2022 (NSM22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nsm.2022.219
Publication date: 7th February 2022
Metal-halide perovskites have recently emerged as one of the most promising low-cost promising materials for photovoltaic and light-emitting technologies, due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and fabrication versatility. Since the advent of the first perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in 2009, their power conversion efficiency (PCE) has now reached 25.6% [1], for active areas smaller than 1 cm2. Moreover, their operational stability is also constantly improving [2-3]. The interest in transferring the existing technology into large-area perovskite modules using industrial compatible techniques, necessary for industrial development is exploding.
Lately, we have demonstrated highly efficient, large area, planar PSCs where the MAPbI3 perovskite layer has been deposited by thermal co-evaporation of PbI2 and MAI. The high-quality co-evaporated perovskite thin films are uniform over large areas showing low surface roughness, and a long carrier lifetime. The high-quality perovskite thin films together with vacuum processed charge transport layers PSCs with PCE above 20% in both n.i.p [4, 5] and p.i.n [6] configurations. The co-evaporated MAPbI3 guarantee an impressive thermal and environmental stability maintaining over ≈95% and ≈80% of their initial PCE after 1000 and 3600 h respectively under continuous thermal aging at 85 °C without encapsulation. TE_MAPbI3 PSCs demonstrate remarkable structural robustness, absence of pinholes, or significant variation in grain sizes, and intact interfaces with the HTM, upon prolonged thermal aging.
The first co-evaporated mini-modules achieved record PCEs of 18.13% and 18.4% for active areas of 20 cm2 [7] and 6.4 cm2 [8].
Moreover, looking forward to tandem integration and building-integrated photovoltaics we have also developed coloured semi-transparent PSCs and mini-modules for all the range of colours realized.
These results represent a significant step towards the development of high-quality large-area perovskite solar cells and mini-modules, one of the main requirements for the commercialization of the technology.
References:
NREL. Best Research-Cell Efficiency Chart; U.S. Department of Energy; https://www.nrel.gov/pv/cell-efficiency.htm.
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