nanoGe - NSM22 - Ion Migration in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells – Looking at Composition, Dimensionality and Crystallinity

Ion Migration in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells – Looking at Composition, Dimensionality and Crystallinity

Lucie Mc Govern^a, Rens Van Roosmalen^a, Isabel Koschany^a, Gianluca Grimaldi^a^,^b, Moritz Futscher^a^,^c, Moritz Schmidt^a, Anwar Alanazi^a^,^d, Loreta Muscarella^a, Eline Hutter^a^,^e, Jovana Milic^a^,^d, Bruno Ehrler^a

^aCenter for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Science Park 104, Amsterdam, Netherlands

^bOptoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, , Cambridge (UK), JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom

^cEMPA - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überland Strasse, 129, Dübendorf, CH

^dAdolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers, 4, Fribourg, Switzerland

^eDebye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan, 8, Utrecht, Netherlands

Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of nanoGe Spring Meeting 2022 (NSM22)

#PhotoPero22. Photophysics of Halide Perovskites and Related Materials - from Bulk to Nano

Online, Spain, 2022 March 7th - 11th

Organizers: Sascha Feldmann, Annamaria Petrozza and Ajay Ram Srimath Kandada

Contributed talk, Lucie Mc Govern, presentation 119
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nsm.2022.119
Publication date: 7th February 2022

Perovskite solar cells, with solution-based, cheap synthesis methods and a rapid increase in power conversion efficiency, are a promising candidate for future solar cells. However, a major hurdle for commercialization remains, namely the intrinsic instability of these systems. Ion migration, the process by which the A, B and ions of the ABX₃ structure become mobile in the perovskite layer, represents a key challenge to tackle.

MAPbBr₃ was shown to be more stable under environmental conditions when compared to MAPbI₃. Using transient ion drift, we show that this stems from key changes in ion migration when going from MAPbI₃ to MAPbBr₃: methylammonium migration is suppressed, while bromide migration is reduced. Nowadays, state-of-the-art perovskite devices combine multiple ions: we therefore extend our study to ion migration in mixed-halide perovskites with varying ratios of iodide to bromide, and find interesting dynamics regarding the phase segregation phenomenon. In order to benefit both from the high efficiency of the 3D perovskites and from the stability of the 2D perovskites, new device architectures composed of a 2D layer on top of a 3D layer have emerged. We quantify the ion migration dynamics in these mixed-dimensionality perovskites, and find that ion migration is hindered in all systems incorporating a 2D layer. The specific hindering mechanism is however dependent on the 2D spacer molecule. Finally, we investigate the evolution of ion migration in different MAPbBr₃ solar cells as a function of the grain size of the active perovskite film. We show that beyond composition engineering, crystallinity can be another effective tool to control ion migration.

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