Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics and Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO24)
Publication date: 25th April 2024
Self-assembled Hole Transport Monolayers (HTML) are strategically placed between the
conducting electrodes (ITO) and the active layer in perovskite solar cells (PSC) to boost
device performance. By fine-tuning the electronic energy levels of ITO to match those of the
halogenated perovskite (HP) layer, this approach enhances charge transfer and energy
recovery, optimizing the overall characteristics of PSCs. The synthesized organic molecules
acting as SAM/HTML have a unique structure: H2PO3-(CH2)2-Cz-R2, where Cz stands for
carbazole, and R varies at the 3, 6 position as CH3O, NH3, or -CH2NH2. The grafting process
onto ITO and NiO, as well as the determination of SAM orientation, have been meticulously
conducted to understand their electronic effects on the ITO work function, their role as hole-
transporting layer (HTL) components, and their chemical interactions with HP. Finally, we
thoroughly analyze the relationship between the SAM structure and photovoltaic
performance.
Advanced techniques like IR-Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), XPS, and UPS were used to
investigate the grafting, orientation, and structure of the SAMs. The impact of SAMs on the
perovskite MAPbI3 film structure was examined using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction
(XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This comprehensive analysis delves into
how SAMs influence the hybrid perovskite films' structure, photovoltaic performance, and
stability of PSCs. The study specifically examines the impact of the terminal groups (NH3,
CH2NH2 vs. MeO) and the formation of a shared plane with the perovskite layer. Discussions
cover the work function of modified ITO and NiO, the growth of the HP layer, and the
orientation of crystallization planes within the perovskite MAPbI3 on HTML/ITO and
SAM/NiO/ITO, providing valuable insights into the photovoltaic parameters of the PSC.
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