Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics and Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nipho.2023.021
Publication date: 3rd April 2023
Mixed Tin/Lead (Sn/Pb) perovskites have the potential to achieve higher performances in single junction solar cells than Pb-based compounds. Sn/Pb based devices are generally fabricated in the p-i-n structure and frequently PEDOT: PSS is utilized as hole transport layer, even if there are many doubts on a possible detrimental role of this conductive polymer. Here, we propose the use of [2-(9H-Carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) and the functionalized [2-(3, 6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid (Br-2PACz) version, as substitutes for PEDOT: PSS. By using Cs0.25FA0.75Sn0.5Pb0.5I3 as active layer, we obtained champion efficiency as high as 19.51% on Br-2PACz, while 18.44% and 16.33% efficiency was obtained using as hole transport layers 2PACz and PEDOT: PSS, respectively. It is interesting to note, that the implemented monolayers enhance both the shelf lifetime of the device as well as the operational stability. Br-2PACz- based devices maintain 80% of the initial efficiency under continuous illumination for 230h, while PEDOT: PSS- solar cells drop to 79% after only 72 hours. Furthermore, Br-2PACz solar cells maintain 80% of the initial efficiency when stored for 176 days (4224h) in N2 atmosphere. Several factors seem to determine these improvements in samples using SAMs HTL. The carbazole-based molecules are able to form a self-assembled monolayer which show minimal parasitic absorption and low charge carrier recombination when compared to PEDOT: PSS films, additionally, the perovskite layer deposited on SAMs presented higher crystallinity, with reduced pinhole density and larger grains. The defect density for the perovskite films is also reduced when deposited on Br-2PACz or 2PACz compared to PEDOT: PSS. Finally, the problem of the wettability of these SAMs will be discussed and a new double layer facilitating the film deposition will be introduced.
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