Proceedings of International Conference on Perovskite Thin Film Photovoltaics and Perovskite Photonics and Optoelectronics (NIPHO22)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nipho.2022.018
Publication date: 11th November 2021
Metal halide perovskite solar cells have reached the recent efficiency breakthrough of 25.6%, higher than silicon polycrystalline photovoltaics. Such fantastic result was only possible due to a precise control and engineering of the morphology, interfaces and the use of multiple cations in perovskite A-site, as Rb, Cs, MA (methylamonnium) and FA (formamidinium). For tandem perovskite solar cells, a mixture of different anions, as Br and I is also desired to adjust the band gap. Such cocktail of different cations and anions influences the formation of intermediates, new phases, favours halide homogenization, etc; so that at the end, the efficiency of the device is closely related to not only the optical quality of the film (e.g. crystallinity), but morphology and composition.
In this presentation, we will summarize important results using in situ experiments to probe perovskite formation (2D and 2D+3D), stability and composition. We employed time-resolved grazing incidence wide angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), high-resolution XRD, and photoluminescence (PL) techniques taken at the Brazilian Synchrotron National Laboratory, SSRL-Stanford and Molecular Foundry.
We used standard organic cations as butylammonium (BA), phenylethylammonium (PEA) and 2-thiophenemethylammonium iodide (2-TMAI) to synthesise pure 2D and 2D+3D halide perovskites. For PEA and 2-TMAI, the threshold from the passivation effect to 2D formation was different for the cations, also reflecting in a different number of slabs (n) of octahedra layers. Data about stability of the 2D/3D structure under external stressors such as temperature, humidity, and O2 exposure will also be presented.
Fapesp, CINE, CNPq
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