DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nias.2021.013
Publication date: 13th September 2021
Traditional neuromodulation, whether invasive or non-invasive, applies tonic stimulation in a single target to modulate brain activity in neurological and psychiatric disorders. When considering the brain as a complex adaptive Bayesian system, and applying network science approaches, symptoms and disorders are to be seen as emergent properties of (mal)adaptive network reconfigurations. This shifts neuromodulation from single target to network, i.e. connectivity-based, targeting, implementing multifocal stimulation.
But multifocal targeting also requires appropriate novel neurostimulation designs built for the purpose, either increasing connectivity in hypoconnectivity or breaking hyperconnectivity. This multifocal advanced neuromodulation approach is being developed and tested clinically using both transcranial multinetwork noise stimulation and infraslow network neurofeedback
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