Photovoltaic Limitations of Colloidal Perovskite Nanocrystal Photovoltaics

Galatopoulos F.^a, Papagiorgis P.^b, Chrusou A.Z.^a, Bernasconi C.^c, Bodnarchuk M.I.^d, Kovalenko M.V.^c^,^d, Itskos G.^b, Choulis S.A:^a

^aMolecular Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Archiepiskopou Kyprianou, 30, Limassol, Cyprus

^bDepartment of Physics, Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, University of Cyprus, Kallipoleos, 75, Nicosia, Cyprus

^cInstitute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Hönggerberg, 8093 Zúrich, Suiza, Zúrich, Switzerland

^dLaboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)

#OPTONEXT - Next Gen Semiconductors for Optoelectronics

Barcelona, Spain, 2022 October 24th - 28th

Organizers: Paul Shaw and Mike Hambsch

Poster, Galatopoulos F., 336
Publication date: 11th July 2022

Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have attracted tremendous attraction over the years both in LED and solar cell performance ¹. Several inherent material properties are desirable for both applications such as high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and as well as the minimization of radiative recombination processes.² Furthermore, PNCs show relatively high defect tolerance and tenability of the band gap due to the easy control of the size of the nanoparticles (NPs).³ In this work we compare photovoltaic (PV) devices based on (CH₂(NH₂))₂PbI₃ (FAPBI₃) and CsPbI₃. Specifically we compared the photovoltaic (PV) performance of FAPBI₃ and CsPbI₃ FAPbI₃in various conditions such as in ambient and inert atmospheres as well as introducing several ligand washing (LW) steps. FaPbI₃ shows increase in grain size upon the introduction of a ligand washing (LW) step with formamidinium iodide (FAI) in EtAc due to the agglomeration of the nanoparticles (NPs). Devices based on FAPBI₃ have achieved a maximum PCE=1.93% with the introduction of 3 LW steps with formamidinium iodide (FA) dissolved in ethyl acetate (EtAc) while CsPbI₃ have achieved PCE=1.83 % using the same LW steps. The main limiting factor in both cases is the low J_sc and FF due to the high series resistance (R_s) which is tied to improper oleic acid ligand washing. Oleic acid is known to have low conductivity and therefore proper LW is essential to ensure proper PV performance. Interestingly, solar cells based on FAPBI₃ show significantly lower PCE if they are fabricated in ambient conditions compared to inert conditions, while devices based on CsPbI₃ show similar PCE in both cases. It is important to note that although solar cells based on CsPbI₃ show similar PCEs both in inert and ambient conditions, the solar cells that were fabricated in ambient conditions are less reproducible compare to the ones fabricated in inert atmosphere.

References:

[1] 1 Yuan, J. et al. Metal Halide Perovskites in Quantum Dot Solar Cells: Progress and Prospects. Joule 4, 1160–1185 (2020)

[2] 2 Protesescu, L. et al. Nanocrystals of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, and I): Novel Optoelectronic Materials Showing Bright Emission with Wide Color Gamut. Nano Lett. 15, 3692–3696 (2015).

[3] 4 Song, J. et al. Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Inorganic Perovskite Cesium Lead Halides (CsPbX 3 ). Adv. Mater. 27, 7162–7167 (2015).

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