Proceedings of Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS) (NFM22)
Publication date: 11th July 2022
Perovskites have become the most promising materials for photovoltaic devices since the discovery of its photovoltaic application by Miyasaka in 2009 with power conversion efficiency from 3.8% to 25.7% within only around a decade. Perovskite solar cell (PSC) demonstrates both high performance and low-cost along with characteristics such as high carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion length, low exciton binding energy, and strong visible light absorption. Most of PSC are fabricated by solution process via spin-coating, which presents to be easy, fast, and low-cost method. Nevertheless, fabricated perovskite films by solution process draw some issues in the surface coverage and the uniformity of the film on the substrate. These issues can cause lack of the stability and also internal charge trapping or recombination. This leads to the study of vacuum processed fabrication of perovskite film, which exhibits good consistency with substrate and high smoothness. Among others, radio frequency sputtering stands as one of the considerable fabrication methods owning to the controllable film structure by both pressure and temperature according to Thornton’s model. In this study, we used lead sulfide (PbS) as a target material to form the PbS film followed by two-step conversion process to PbI2 and ultimately to methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). Moreover, we further studied the effect of various applied pressure and temperature during the sputtering process to observe the structural changes of the film. The higher pressure was found to have higher potential to convert PbS film to MAPbI3 film with good crystallinity and complete PbS conversion. MAPbI3 film also showed full coverage and uniform thickness all over textural Si substrate. We believe that this method can be an outstanding pathway when applied to tandem solar cells with potential commercializability in the future.